The Causes of Tooth Discoloration

By Sara Goldstein

It is almost inevitable that our teeth become discolored as we age. As cosmetic and aesthetic dentistry gain in popularity, however, treatments for stained and yellow teeth are more effective and more accessible to everyone.

However, tooth whitening and other cosmetic dentistry options are only one way to keep your teeth white and bright. You can also make lifestyle changes to prevent staining of your teeth.

What causes teeth discoloration?

Teeth become discolored as a result of many different things—some of which are more avoidable than others. The surface of the teeth has microscopic cracks which absorb stain. The whitening process draws the discoloration out of the teeth to leave a brighter, whiter appearance.

Some of the most common causes include:

• Smoking. Smoking is a leading cause of excessive tooth staining. In smokers, the tooth enamel is constantly subjected to dark-colored particulates from cigarette smoke, which can build up and create deep yellow and brown stains in the teeth.
• Dark-colored foods and drink. Regular, long-term consumption of certain types of foods and drink can also accelerate staining of the teeth. Some common culprits include red wine, coffee, tea, and dark colas; as well as soy sauce and berries.
• Injury. Some people suffer from deep discoloration as a result of trauma to their teeth.
• Medications. Certain drugs such as tetracycline taken during childhood when the permanent teeth are developing have been known to cause deep staining of the teeth, similar to that from an injury.

Treatments for staining

For that staining caused by external factors there are options such as the BriteSmile professional teeth whitening system for surface stains, and porcelain veneers and dental bonding procedures for deeper and more stubborn staining, such as that discoloration from injury or drug interactions.